VCAM1 and neoplasm: In a multivariable Cox regression analysis that included available preoperative variables (i.e., age, sex, and clinical tumor stage), higher pretreatment VCAM-1 plasma levels were independently associated with poorer RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.90; 95 % CI, 2.46–3.41; p < 0.001), CSS (HR, 2.90; 95 % CI, 2.45–3.44; p < 0.001), and OS (HR, 1.77; 95 % CI, 1.52–2.05; p < 0.001) (Table 3).