IL-34 was increased by 1.3-fold in low differentiated HCC compared to that of high differentiation group (p < 0.05); as well as, 1.3-fold in intra-hepatic IL-34 production from small tumor size (≤ 5 cm) than that from big size tumor group (p < 0.05). The gene discussed is IL34; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.