IL34 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Serum IL-34 was 1.7, 1.3 or 2.3-fold higher from HBV-HCC groups than that from CHB (35.74 vs. 21.22, p < 0.01), HBV-cirrhosis (35.74 vs. 26.58, p < 0.05) or HCs (35.74 vs. 15.71, p < 0.01) (Table 1; Fig. 1A).