GSK3B and lung carcinoma: Mechanistically, aberrantly expressed HORMAD1 in lung cancer cells activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote EMT by regulating of AKT/GSK-3β signaling, which enhances cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin and increases the expression of the Wnt target genes to promote lung cancer growth and metastasis (Fig. 8).