PRKAA2 and metabolic disease: For instance, activation of the energy homeostasis-regulating AMPK -SIRT1- mTOR and PGC-1α-SIRT1-AMPK networks confers cardioprotective benefits and delays diabetes and related metabolic disorders in mammals [26, 27, 29], in part through control of energy expenditure and mitochondrial respiration, biogenesis, and function [26, 30–32].