This suggests that the occurrence and development of BPH may be strongly correlated with the alteration of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Another study has reported that gut microbiota may be associated with ghrelin which plays an important role in activation of JAK2/STAT3 in BPH development, indicating ghrelin might be pathogenic factors for BPH and could be used as a target for mediation [48]. Here, JAK2 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.