Taking advantage of our multiplex IHC approach by using PD-L1+ M1 TAM, PD-L1+ M2 TAM, PD-L1- M1 TAM, PD-L1- M2 TAM, and/or Treg as biomarkers simultaneously to subgroup DCC and ICC, this study demonstrates the superiority and necessity of using multiple biomarkers to distinguish cholangiocarcinoma patients with different prognoses. Here, CD274 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.