SPAM1 and autism spectrum disorder: In the present case the duplicated region contains multiple genes: KCND2, TSPAN12, ING3, WNT16, FAM3C, PTPRZ1, AASS, FEZF1, CADPS2, TAS2R16, SLC13A1, NDUFA5, LMOD2, WASL, HYAL4, SPAM1, GPR37, POT1, and GRM8. Among these genes, CADPS2, WNT16, and GRM8 play essential roles in autism spectrum disorders.