Endogenous ligand/receptor signaling such as vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) may inhibit RIP3-mediated necroptosis; Vitamin D and VDR signaling has been shown to have immune-protective effects on inflammatory bowel disease [41] and suppress necroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells by binding RIPK1/3 necrosomes [42]. Here, VDR is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.