PCSK9 and glomerulosclerosis: Therefore, in this study, we investigated 1) the effect of heparin and non-anticoagulant heparinoids on plasma values of lipids, syndecan-1, and PCSK9; 2) the efficacy of heparin and non-anticoagulant heparinoids to prevent the development of glomerulosclerosis and arterial neo-intima; and 3) the association of plasma lipid levels with plasma syndecan-1, PCSK9, and degree of glomerulosclerosis and arterial neo-intima formation in a rat CTD model.