VDR and neoplasm: In the context of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the predominant fibroblast in the TME of the pancreas, have impaired tumor-promoting capacities in response to vitamin D receptor (VDR) engagement VDR signaling was shown to support signaling pathways to promote a quiescent state of PSCs and increase chemotherapy efficacy (Sherman et al., 2014).