Figures 3(e) and 3(f) show that the IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the colon tissue of the DM group were largely reduced compared to those of the C group (P < 0.05), which may be due to the imbalance of gut microbiota leading to decreased levels of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10. Here, IL4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.