TNF and colitis: However, our results were different from the published data showing that more severe colitis was observed in Gpr65–/– mice induced by DSS and Citrobacter rodentium, characterised by the increase of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., Ifn‐γ, Tnf and iNOS) released by macrophages and lysosomal dysfunction of epithelial cells.22, 23