TGFB1 and ovarian cancer: Notably, our study found that CASC15 was a TGF-β downstream molecule and involved in the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway in ovarian cancer: CASC15 was upregulated by TGF-β1, and then increased the expression of SMAD3 via serving as a ceRNA to facilitate cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer.