Enrichment analyses showed that GCG-correlated genes in COADREAD were enriched in several tumor-influencing signaling pathways including ribosome, nitrogen metabolism, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, cell cycle-related pathways, neuropeptide ligand receptor interaction, RHO GTPases signaling, WNT signaling, RUNX1 signaling, NOTCH signaling, ESR signaling, HCMV infection, and oxidative stress-related signaling. Here, ESR1 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.