MMP2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In fact, MMP-2 was upregulated in several human pancreatic cancer cell lines and SHh overexpression in PAAD cells activated the Hedgehog signaling pathway in stromal pancreatic stellate cells rather than activating PAAD cells directly to augment the output of MMP-2 as well as MMP-9 [85, 86].