Thus, RNA-Seq showed that mitochondrial fusion-related proteins, such as MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1, were significantly upregulated in resistant Pt#3-R and recurrent GBM specimens (Fig. 4a), while mitochondrial fission-related proteins showed a different pattern (Additional file 1: Fig. S5a). Here, OPA1 is linked to glioblastoma.