AHR and cystic fibrosis: Consistent with the requirement of AhR signaling for the maintenance of lung health and the regulation of inflammation through changes in gene expression, cell–cell adhesion, mucin production and cytokine expression [60], it has recently been reported that the targeted delivery of 3-IAld via dry powder inhalation [61] is an efficient strategy to restore immune and microbial homeostasis, in the relative absence of local and systemic inflammatory toxicity, in the inflamed lungs of mice with cystic fibrosis, a multisystem inflammatory disease [62].