Stage I: anti-PD-1 Ab (3 mg/kg/dose, 5 doses) between 24 and 30 weeks after infection on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14.Stage II: RMs again treated with anti-PD-1 Ab (10 mg/kg/dose, three monthly, 3 doses) at 26–30 weeks following ART initiation. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is infection.