For example, with antagonists to IL-1 or its receptor, results are more or less contradictory: (1) an observational study found that in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, two doses of canakinumab, an anti-IL-1β antibody, can lead to clinical improvement, while a single dose was reported to be ineffective in a phase 3 study [119,120]; (2). Here, IL1B is linked to COVID-19.