Additionally, these parameters significantly correlated with several important inflammatory markers describing disease severity and the extent of AKI: urinary syndecan–1 was associated with indicators of systemic inflammation (plasma IL–6, IL–8 and MCP–1), whereas urinary HPSE was linked to indicators of renal dysfunction (albuminuria, lower eGFR and higher plasma creatinine levels) and finally higher severity scores, representing a more severe overall clinical presentation. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and Abnormal renal physiology.