Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus increased Aβ and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and in age-matched SAMR1 mice to a lesser extent. Analysis showed aggregation of Aβ within astrocyte processes surrounding vessels. Western blot analyses from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus SAMP8 mice showed raised APP processing and protein glycation along with increased inflammation. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus increased tau phosphorylation in the SAMR1 mice but did not further increase it in the SAMP8 mice. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.