HMGB1 and cancer: For instance, it has become known that several chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin (DOX) kill cancer cells directly as well as cause successive antitumor immune responses by exposure to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as calreticulin (CRT), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [4,5,6].