NFKB1 and colitis: Lim et al. [28] conducted a study on timosaponin AIII and its metabolite sarsasapogenin in improving colitis in rats by (1) suppressing NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation as well as (2) restoring T-helper 17/regulatory T (Th17/Treg) cell balance.