JUN and melanoma: In the present study, we consider that signaling pathways such as cyclin/CDK, Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK [19], JNK/C-Jun/AP-1, PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR [20], IKK/I-κB/NF-κB [21], Wnt/β-catenin [22], Notch, Jak/STAT [15], MITF and some growth factors regulate the cycle progression, apoptosis and development of melanoma cells.