Thus, high insulin and glucose levels lead to a situation (level of D-xylose in the plasma) comparable to normal conditions without diabetes, as was demonstrated in vivo by Field and Johnson in 1960 [50], who reported the removal of D-xylose from the blood in nondiabetic patients, and no effect on the blood level of D-xylose in insulin-treated diabetic patients. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.