TNF and Alzheimer disease: One of the most important aspects of AD is that it is characterized by the predominant infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, and other cells, and an increased secretion of Th2-related response factors by the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [16,17].