INS and Insulin resistance: To this end, we conducted a single-arm, open-label, observational study on the effects of at least 10 days of water-only fasting, followed by at least 5 days of refeeding with an exclusively whole-plant-food diet on the homeostatic model of the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, which is calculated from fasting glucose and insulin and used to approximate insulin resistance in overweight/obese non-diabetic participants.