During the last decade, inhibition of HDACs by HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) emerged as a target for specific epigenetic modification associated with cancer or other diseases (hemoglobinopathies; cystic fibrosis; X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy; muscular dystrophies; neurodegenerative disorders; systemic lupus erythematosus etc.). The gene discussed is HDAC9; the disease is cancer.