Characterization of exosomes isolated from neurodegenerative disease samples for disease diagnosis and basic research includes analysis of the protein markers α‐syn[261c] and tau[262] by mass spectroscopy and immunoassay, and RT‐PCR analysis of dysregulated exosomal RNAs such as miR‐132, which provides neuroprotection for tauopathies (disorders characterized by deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain)[268] and is downregulated in plasma‐derived neurogenic exosomes from AD patients.[269]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and neurodegenerative disease.