The authors found strong similarities between the mutations in both dog breeds with B-cell lymphoma, occurring in TRAF3-MAP3K14, FBXW7 and POT1. However, the boxer with T-cell lymphoma typically had mutations in the PTEN-mTOR pathway, which was dissimilar to the golden retriever with T-cell lymphoma that usually exhibited mutations in genes related to cellular metabolism. Here, TRAF3 is linked to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.