A recent clinical study showed that RAF, MEK, pMEK, ERK, and pERK mRNA and protein expressions are higher in the axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) group compared to the non-ALNM group and normal group, suggesting that the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway may be a higher correlation with breast cancer metastasis44. Here, RAF1 is linked to metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes.