Dopamine also attenuated neuroinflammation in both primary mouse microglia and in the MPTP parkinsonism model in vivo, specifically by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion induced by various canonical stimuli through DRD1-mediated signaling for the E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination and autophagic degradation of NLRP3 protein85. Here, DRD1 is linked to Parkinson disease.