In a study of 904 community dwelling Japanese participants, in whom the prevalence of NAFLD was 12.4%, 41.4% and 59.1% in lean, overweight, and obese groups, the PNPLA3 rs738409 risk genotype (GG) increased NAFLD risk in lean subjects by more than twofold compared with overweight and obese participants [107]. Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.