KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In lung cancer studies, implementing NGS approaches using brain metastases samples from patients with metastatic NSCLC reported TP53 as being the most frequently altered gene in the samples, followed by KRAS, FGFR3, CDKN2A, and VHL. The authors also identified various targetable mutations that may be used for targeted approaches to improve patients’ outcomes.