As summarized in Table 2, we investigated the sex differences in the associations between vitamin D deficiency and biomarkers and found that both men and women with vitamin D deficiency had lower HDL-C levels and higher body weights, BMIs, platelet counts, and TG levels than those with sufficient vitamin D. Only men with vitamin D deficiency had higher serum white blood cell (WBC) counts and Alk-p levels than their counterparts with sufficient vitamin D. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with lower MCV and serum MCH, Hb, Hct, BUN, AST, and TC levels in women. The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is vitamin D deficiency.