TLR3 and neoplasm: Rintatolimod (Ampligen) is the only Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) agonist (immune adjuvant that potently stimulates innate immune response) that promotes selective recruitment of CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) with a concurrent rise in intratumoral effector T cell (Teff)/intratumoral regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio in the tumor microenvironment [99].