After administration of a CHIT1 inhibitor (allosamidin) in vivo, Artieda et al. [61] found that the inhibitor of CHIT1 (a protein synthesized exclusively by activated macrophages) exerted protective effects against atherosclerosis by suppressing inflammatory responses, polarizing macrophages toward the M2 phenotype, and promoting lipid uptake and cholesterol efflux in macrophages. This evidence concerns the gene CHIT1 and atherosclerosis.