NFKB1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: Specifically, protein S100A9 (upregulated in our PCO samples) was previously found to be upregulated in exosomes derived from PCOS’s FF and linked to inflammatory processes and the disruption of steroidogenesis via activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway (proinflammatory pathway) [7].