The ALDH2*2-associated mutational signature 16 was also observed in genome-wide sequence landscape of Chinese ESCC patients; the highest mutational number of Signature 16 was found in patients who were ALDH2*2 (G/A, A/A) drinkers followed by ALDH2*1 (G/G) drinkers, ALDH2*2 (G/A, A/A) non-drinkers and ALDH2*2 (GG) non-drinkers [81]. The gene discussed is ALDH2; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.