Prospective studies illustrate the link between the downregulation of adiponectin as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10) and the upregulation of leptin as well as proinflammatory cytokines implicated in insulin resistance (e.g., IL-6 and TNF-α) [7,8]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is Insulin resistance.