Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors, administered both in monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors have shown a consistent benefit in pre-treated and untreated patients [21,22,23,24,25,26], thus shaping new directions in the treatment of NSCLC, particularly for the ADC and SCC subtypes. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.