TP53 and cancer: Matsui et al. suggested that reflux is the major cause of GSC in patients receiving hemigastrectomy for benign disease, whereas, in those operated for cancer, if GSC appears ≥10 years later, this could be related to genetic factors (such as p53), responsible for multiple metachronous carcinogenesis, while if GSC occurs <10 years, this new cancer could be caused by diffuse metaplastic lesions of the residual mucosa [56].