Randomized trials have revealed that anti-PD-1 mAbs (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and anti-PD-L1 mAb (atezolizumab) provide additional benefits in both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC, compared with chemotherapy [7,8,9,10,11]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.