REN and cardiovascular disorder: Blood pressure and heart rate Cytokines: homocysteine (Hcy), constituents of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) including renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) Cardiovascular disease-associated factors: serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factorα (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)Measurements taken in the morning before and after the intervention