A study around Hsu and a coworker revealed that PD-L1 expression in CSCs is enriched through an EMT/β-catenin/PD-L1 axis and suppression of this pathway led to the downregulation of PD-L1 and enhanced the amount of tumor-infiltrating activated CD8+ T cells, as well as the efficacy of Tim-3 blockade therapy [114]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.