SMAD3 and renal cell adenocarcinoma: In turn, a multiphase study of three independent genome-wide scans (of 3530 cases and 5714 controls) assessing genetic variations in obesity-related genes and RCC risk identified five RCC susceptibility loci: IL1RAPL2 (rs10521506-G), PLIN2 (rs2229536-A), SMAD3 (rs4601989-A), MED13L (rs10850596-A) and TSC1 (rs3761840-G) [210].