IGF1 and cancer: IGF-1 stimulates the survival and proliferation of cancer cells through GSK3β-mediated NF-κB activation and via the blockade of cancer cells apoptosis through Rat sarcoma virus (Ras)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) /Akt pathway-mediated inactivation of the Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD), thus preventing Bcl-2 suppression [138].