Prolonged and chronic hyperinsulinemia decreases the release of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-1 and 2 (IGFBP1 and 2), thus contributing to the increase in the levels of bioavailable IGF1, which, in consequence, induces cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, favouring the formation of tumours [43,131]. The gene discussed is IGFBP1; the disease is neoplasm.