INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In the same mouse model, systemic TRAIL administration by weekly intraperitoneal injections has been shown to prevent and ameliorate the metabolic perturbations associated with obesity and T2DM, by reducing diet-induced adiposity, reducing hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, improving peripheral insulin sensitivity, enhancing skeletal muscle free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and positively modulating adipose tissue gene expression in the direction of anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects [19].