IL4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: T1DM: In animal models of autoimmune diseases such as T1DM, TRAIL has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of autoreactive T-cells by suppressing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-γ (INF-γ) production, blocking DNA synthesis, preventing cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase and inhibiting calcium influx, rather than directly inducing apoptosis of activated autoantigen-specific T-cells [31,69,70].