Certain S100 proteins, namely S100A4, S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer, and S100B, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-promoting macrophage-based inflammation via toll-like receptor 4 and/or receptor for advanced glycation end-products ligation [20]. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.