Alam et al. identified high plasma levels of Gal-3 in patients with severe comorbidities (heart failure, CKD) in 2 longitudinal cohorts, including patients with CKD: the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank (C-PROBE) study and the Seattle Kidney Study (SKS), which were associated (HR = 1.35, CI95%[1.01–1.80]) with chronic renal disease [91]. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and chronic kidney disease.