In particular, empaglifilozin administration protects against HFD-induced NAFLD through inhibiting all three branches of ER stress, namely inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1a), X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) [30,107]. Here, ATF6 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.